一、过年“接财神”民俗概述
吉林省长春、吉林和图们区域民族众多,但是无论哪个民族,其风俗中都有过年接财神一说。在民间传说中,财神姓赵名公明。他在战争中死后被封为财神,麾下有“招宝天尊”、“纳珍天尊”、“招财使者”、“利市仙官”四员小神供其使唤调遣。他们的职责都与财有关。传说,一年中仅在正月初五这天走下龙虎玄坛一次,而且很随意,不知道去哪一家,所以大家都在此日凌晨五时起床,出门焚香献牲,鸣放鞭炮,抢在前头迎接他。返家之时,一般摘柏树枝一支,象征财神,带回家中,插在神龛之上,每天焚香膜拜,表示一年常青,财源不断。农历正月初五“接财神”的习俗,还有一层含义,即初五(又叫“破五”)之后,年事活动基本结束了,士农工商,一切进入正常的生活,因此“接财神”便成为新一年事业开端的头件大事,表示新一年中财运亨通,前程似锦。这一习俗盛行于明清和民国时期,不过,在商业发达的地区和民间,迄今仍然流传下来。
二、“接财神”风俗的英译原则和示例
“财神”是中国民众心目中主管钱财的神仙。在西方民众的心里,只有上帝掌管世间万物。所以,在翻译“接财神”民俗之时,译者应该注重中西文化的差异,去寻找与西方文化具有最大关联的认知语境,这样翻译出的作品才能被西方人悦纳。根据“关联理论”的基本原则,笔者的英文翻译示例如下:Therearemanynationalitiesinchangjituarea.However,allthenationalitieshavethesamecustomofreceivingthegodofwealthduringspringfestival.January5thinlunarcalendaristhebirthdayofthegodofwealthaccordingtothelegend.AfterJanuary1stinlunarcalendarthemostimportantactivityistoreceivethegodofwealth.Accordingto<fengshenbang>①,thegod’sfamilynameisZhao,andhisfirstnameisGongming.Hediedforfightingagainsttherighteousarmy.Awanderingghostwaspardonedandappointedasthegodinchargeofhappiness.Hehas4subordinates:“zhaobaotianzun”(agodinchargeoffortune),“nazhentianzun”(agodinchargeoftreasure),“zhaocaishizhe”(anangelinchargeofmoney),“lishixianguan”(agodinchargeofmarket).Theirresponsibilitiesareallrelatedtowealth.HewillgetdownfromheavenonlyonetimeayearonJanuary5thaccordingtolunarcalendarbecauseofhislaziness.InordertobethefirsttowelcomeZhaoGongming(thegodofwealth),allthepeoplewillgooutat5inthemorningandburnthefragrancewhentheycontributethedraughtanimalsandfirethecrackers.Whengoingbackhouse,abranchofcypresswhichsymbolizesgodofwealthwillbepickedoffandbroughthome,andtheninsertitintothebaldachineinordertoburnfragrancetoworshipitwiththehopeofendlessfortunecoming.IthasanotherimplicationthatthegodofwealthiswelcomedonJanuary5th.AfterJanuary5ththeactivitiesofspringfestivalalmostendandallthepeoplewilllivenormally,soitisthemostimportantthingtowelcomethegodofwealthforthebeginningofanewyear.ThecustomboomedinMing,QingdynastyandPeople’spublicofChina.Itkeepsthecustomindevelopedareaandamongthepeoplenowadays.接财神是古老的汉族节日习俗。汉族民间传说正月初五是财神的生日,所以过了年初一,接下来最重要的活动就是接财,在财神生日到来的前一天晚上,各家置办酒席,为财神贺辰。
医学论文致谢作者:王晓辉 单位:东北电力大学外国语学院
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